Jerome S. Bruner hypothesized that the usual course of intellectual development moves through three stages: enactive , iconic , and symbolic . However, unlike Piaget's stages, Bruner did not contend that these stages were necessarily age-dependent, or invariant. Given this assumption, it would appear that instructional designers will have “more to work with” in Bruner. And indeed, this has been the case as instructional designers cited Bruner widely during the period when his ideas were most popular (from the mid-60's to the mid-80's in the U.S. ).
APP FEATURE
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