The goal of the theory is to explain the mechanisms and processes by which the infant, and then the child, develops into an individual who can reason and think by formulating and testing hypotheses. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of maturation and experience. Children construct an understanding of the world around them. Changes in these constructs occur when they experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in the environment. This is a fundamental principle underlying Piaget's theory.
Piaget's theory is comprised of three basic components:
Three types of knowledge - physical , logical-mathematical , and social-arbitrary
Four stages of development - sensorimotor , preoperational , concrete operational , and formal operational
Three processes that enable the transition from one stage to another - assimilation , accommodation , and equilibration
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